Biology week 3 assignment

Genetic Evolution:

1). " 99.4% of the most critical DNA sites are identical in human and chimp genes" What do you make of this?

The fact that Scientists have deciphered the DNA of the chimpanzee brings important implications for further research r/t human health and other advances in disease management. For example, in the area of HIV,AIDS, diabetes, malaria and Alzheimer's...chimps have been able to resist many infections it would be interesting study what gene expressions/DNA base pairs protect them from maladies...

According to Dr. Yi, his study supports the notion of having humans and chimpanzees in one genus...because chimps generation time is closer to humans and perhaps would this warrant more protection over chimps than other species? I can't imagine the massive political upheaval this would bring to the world if the evolutionary genus is reclassified. On another note...according to the Yerkes Primate Research Center, studies reveal that in both chimps and humans, nearly over 25,000 genes carry the genetic code for creating all the proteins that make up their bodies and brains and they stem from 3 billion chemical units of DNA base pairs which took the scientist only 4 years to identify the similarities and differences that define the species..

What would be interesting is to find out specifically from fossil records how long ago the split between humans and chimps occurred. The results from the study also found that some classes of genes have changed rapidly in both chimps and humans that affect the area of hearing, transmission of nerve signals and production of sperm...

2) Results from tutorial:

1) virus
2)B- RER= synthesis and assembly
3) D= processing of membranes/secrete proteins
4) C= in CF receptors in the ER is increased
5) d= cell wall
6) D=all

3) Opinion of a class discussion:
- The history of stem cell research. Over the course of time Scientist realized that it was not necessary to utilize embryos to obtain stem cells... what other options were available as not to destroy so many embryos?
-another question concerning IPS cells: "induced pluripotent stem cells" what are their shortcomings when being converted to specific cell types? how is the reprogramming sequence of events monitored/quantified/processed/implemented/regulated/evaluated without severe outcomes?
-Stem cells from cloning procedures: does the nuclear transfer process justify the means? for example, generating stem cells that are glucose-responsive beta cells?
There are other issues to address: cost analysis, the time these two processed provide outcomes and the ethical considerations if there are negative consequences on human experimentation. How about production and supply? how is demand controlled and distributed? There still many other realistic/conventional concerns....

4) CYBERNETICS: Autopoiesis and Coevolution:

Autopoiesis: the organization of living systems which is characterized by carrying out specific network interactions of components which makes it a whole and a living system..it is a matter of asking what organization is it self reproducing. This system model has interacting components, and yet every system is itself a component and that component is itself a system.. and finding that any living system has a process of cognition. The fact that all organisms has a constitution have an emergent identity is meaningful.

Levels of coevolution: In a poetic fashion hope you enjoy...or not...
"What is life but a biophysical level of returning back to matter and the stream of interplay between individual life forms within their biosocial sphere of interactions, complex forms, the maintenance of an autopoietic socioecosystem, takes energy is this the emergence of a society, and by creating a simple poem it depicts the mythicosocial level, uniquely placing and elaborating abstract form from thoughts that are generated from energy,frequency,electrical processed, molecular which then flow out onto a screen, the world of imagination with many dimensions. Does this define humanity or can it also apply to artificial intelligence.....what a fragile balance....what virtual world of illusionary interplay we conceive its all a hologram journey...."